Hd Projector Ratings

Hd Projector Ratings

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Frame Rate Conversion Simplified

Point 360 IVC DIGITAL FILM CENTER

Frame Rate Conversion Simplified

Jim James, Chief Engineer, IVC

Why So Many Frame Rates?

Motion pictures, whether film or television, are nothing more than a series of rapidly changing still images, or frames. The faster they change the smoother the motion. A long time ago it was determined that 24 frames per second was acceptable for motion, but left a noticeable flicker due to the screen going dark each time a frame was pulled into place. By putting a two bladed rotating shutter in the projector to create a flicker rate of 48 frames per second the illusion of a steady moving picture was created. When the NTSC television standard was created a frame rate of 30 frames per second was selected because it was half the electrical line rate of 60Hz. To avoid flicker it was necessary to create an effective frame rate of 60 frames per second, but the technology of the time could not transmit that much information that fast. The solution was to first scan only the odd lines, then the even ones, dividing the picture in half as two interlaced fields. The result of this is a full resolution image if an object is standing still, but two slightly offset versions of the object if it is in motion. When color was added it was necessary to adjust the frame rate slightly to prevent the color information from interfering with the audio carrier in a television broadcast signal. Thus the frame rate for NTSC became 29.97.

In Europe the electrical line rate is 50Hz, so the PAL standard set the frame rate at 25 frames per second, and like America used interlacing to gain a flicker rate of 50 fields per second. Fortunately PAL did not have a problem between color and audio, so PAL still runs at 50 fields per second.

An example of a soccer ball in motion

When a committee was formed to set a standard for high definition television they decided not to set one standard, but allow many. The 29.97 interlaced frame rate was preserved for compatibility with existing systems, and even frame rates (30 & 60) were added as well. In addition, progressive rates, where the entire frame is sent together, were added. Thus 29.97 progressive, 30 progressive, 59.94 progressive, and 60 frame progressive were added to the mix. Later the obvious step of adding a high definition standard that matched film was taken and 24 and 23.98 progressive were added. (23.98 has the same offset from 24 as 29.97 has from 30 and was necessary to be compatible with NTSC.) In PAL countries 25 and 50 progressive were added as well. As a result of all this there are at least one dozen possible frame rates in today's high definition video.

Converting Between Frame Rates

Some conversions are easy. Converting between 24 and 25 just requires speeding up or slowing down the source by around 4% (Audio may require separate pitch and data-rate conversion). Converting between fractionally adjacent speeds (59.97 to 60) is even easier. Converting a slower frame rate to a faster one requires duplicating frames or fields. People have been transferring film to video for a long time. For NTSC the film is slowed down to 23.98, and then every other film frame is held for one extra field. (see diagram) This is called 3:2 pulldown. Some of the original film frames now begin on the second field of the video frame. This looks fine while being played, and can easily be removed for conversion to 25 frame PAL or 24 fps for DVD compression. However, if this material is edited without attention to keeping a steady 3:2:3:2:3:2 cadence, a clean frame rate conversion becomes nearly impossible.

Recently some computer systems, and tape formats, have chosen to convert 24 to 30 by simply duplicating every fourth frame. This makes editing simpler, and works well for computer formats that can not handle interlaced images, but it results in a noticeable stutter six times every second. Also professional systems that are expecting a 3:2 cadence will not know how to remove the extra frames.

Where conversions become difficult is when an interlaced format is converted to a progressive one, or when large frame rate reductions are needed. When an interlaced format is converted to a similar progressive one (i.e. 30i to 30p) either every other field is discarded, resulting in an image with only half the vertical resolution, or the fields are blended, creating a distorted image (all moving objects will have serrated edges). The only way around this is to interpolate, or create an entirely new image out of the two fields. How well this works depends entirely on the quality of the hardware or software performing the interpolation. When going from a high frame rate to a lower one some frames must be discarded, resulting in choppy motion. The only way around this is to discard all the original frames and create an entirely new sequence using the information in the old ones to estimate where things would have been had it been shot at the new frame rate. This is a very complicated process that takes a lot of computer power and time. Depending on the quality of the software used the results can vary greatly.

How To Survive In A Multiple Frame Rate World

It is not uncommon for a project to be distributed in multiple frame rates. American television runs at either 29.97i or 59.94p. Europe and many others are 50i, while film is still shown at 24 frames per second. For a project to be easily and inexpensively made available for all of these markets it is important to take the frame rate into account from the beginning. For a universal format nothing beats 23.98psf. With no quality loss and little expense it can convert to any format. However many smaller format HD cameras that claim to record 24p don't. These cameras capture images at 24 frames per second, but the tape records at 60i. If they use a standard conversion format, such as 3:2 pulldown, this is not a problem, as many systems can easily remove the extra fields. But if a non-standard conversion is used it may be difficult, or even impossible to create a satisfactory 24 frame master. Also, if using a 24/60i camera be sure to convert to 24 frames per second (actually 23.98) before editing, or you may end up with an unusable master.

 

 

i20 Projector Lights Quality Review


ViewSonic PJD5122 SVGA DLP Projector -120Hz/3D Ready, 2500 Lumens, 3000:1 DCR
ViewSonic PJD5122 SVGA DLP Projector -120Hz/3D Ready, 2500 Lumens, 3000:1 DCR
List Price: $649.00
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Description

The PJD5122 delivers 2500 lumens with an 800 x 600 SVGA native resolution. It offers a variety of features including manual zoom/focus and auto vertical keystone correction as well as multiple computer and video inputs, yet it is very easy to set up and use. There are 8 default picture modes including Daylight, Cinema, ViewMatch, Blackboard, Whiteboard and Greenboard. The ECO mode function reduces the fan noise output for less distraction during important presentations and even extends the lamp life up to 6,000 hours. The PJD5122 offers both security bar and Kensington lock port for increased theft deterrence.

Features

  • 5.1 lb projector weight, 800 x 600 SVGA resolution
  • 2500 Lumens and 3000:1 CR, 0.55" Digital Micromirror Device
  • Manual focus and zoom (1.1X), Multiple inputs (Inc. RGB Out)
  • Digital keystone correction, 5 Watt Integrated Speaker
  • Lamp life: 4000/6000 hrs (N/Eco)
FAVI RioHD-LED-2 Mini Projector
FAVI RioHD-LED-2 Mini Projector
List Price: $247.00
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Description

LED projector as featured by PC Magazine. The RioHD-LED-2 by FAVI Entertainment offers the perfect balance in performance and affordability for business professionals, educators, gamers and home theater enthusiasts alike.Its revolutionary LED2 technology provides 20,000 hours or 14 years of lamp life (average of 4 hours per day). while boasting 4 times the brightness of a standard pico projectors. The quick connect VGA and portable design make it ideal for laptop presentations. At less than 3 lbs it easily travels with you to work. Bring your projector home for a family movie night or host the entire neighborhood for a drive-in movie by connecting it to your vehicle's 19V power source. *Recommend a FAVI floor stand projection screen for outdoor use.

Features

  • Supports 1080p/1080i/720p resolutions
  • Weighs less than 3 lbs; fits nicely in laptop case
  • Over 5 times as bright as standard LED projectors; LED lamp lasts an incredible 20,000 hours or 14 years (@ 4 hours a day)
  • Connections: 1 x HDMI, 1 x VGA, 1 x Composite A/V, 1 x Component, 1 x S-Video, 1 x headphone/stereo jack
  • Accessories Included: 1 x VGA Cable, 1 x Remote Control, 1 x Composite A/V Cable, 1 x 19V Power Adapter & 1 x User Guide;
ViewSonic PJD6531w WXGA Wide DLP Projector -120Hz/3D Ready, 3000 Lumens, 3200:1 DCR, HDMI
ViewSonic PJD6531w WXGA Wide DLP Projector -120Hz/3D Ready, 3000 Lumens, 3200:1 DCR, HDMI
List Price: $1,129.00
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Description

The PJD6531w is an advanced 120Hz/3D ready DLP projector which includes BrilliantColor technology to produce more vibrant colors, while the high brightness and contrast ratios make this projector shine in virtually any lighting situation. The PJD6531w delivers 3000 lumens with a 1280 x 800 WXGA native wide resolution. This projector is designed for table-top use or can be mounted on the ceiling for classrooms and meeting rooms. The top load lamp and filter-less design provides for easy maintenance and low total cost of ownership. RJ-45 connectivity enables remote network control, while the extensive input options and integrated 10W speakers provide for amazing multimedia performance and effective presentations or classroom lessons.

Features

  • Bright in virtually any setting with 3,000 lumens - With 3200 - 1 contrast ratio, it's the bright choice for mobile presenters
  • The sophisticated 5-segment color (RGBWY) wheel provides greater color accuracy than standard DLP projectors with a 4-segment color wheel
  • Closed captioning - Integrated closed captioning decoder for the hearing impaired.
  • Use the Eco mode to achieve lower power consumption, reduce overall noise and extend lamp life
  • Network control through RJ-45 - Schedule, manage and monitor the projector remotely and receive e-mail alerts of projector lamp status
Epson EX31 Multimedia Projector
Epson EX31 Multimedia Projector
List Price: $499.99
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Description

Epson EX31 Multimedia Projector

Features

  • Rich, true-to-life color and reliable performance ? 3LCD, 3-chip technology
  • Amazing image quality ? native SVGA resolution up to 1400 x 1050
  • USB Plug ?n Play instant setup ? instantly projects images from a PC via a USB connection
  • Super bright and colorful ? 2500 lumens of color light output, 2500 lumens of white light output*
  • Quick, convenient control ? Instant Off®/On, Sleep Mode (A/V Mute), Direct Power Off
LCD Video Projector (Includes HDMI Cable & Extra Bulb) Great for DVD, Wii, XBox, Playstation
LCD Video Projector (Includes HDMI Cable & Extra Bulb) Great for DVD, Wii, XBox, Playstation
Sale Price: $349.99
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Description

This high quality projector is your ideal solution for any home theater, video game system, computer or laptop!

Features

  • Great for Gaming, Education, Home Theater and Business!
  • Technology: LCD, 1080i, 16.7 Million Colors, Picture-in-Picture, TV Tuner * Lumens: ANSI 1800 (Avg. lamp life 6,000 hrs)
  • Resolution: Native 800 x 600, Max 1920 x 1080 * Compatibility Resolution: 1080i, 1080p, 720p, XGA, SVGA * Interfaces: HDMI, YPbPr, Audio/Video, S-Video, VGA, S-Cart
  • Theater Compatibility: Cable, Satellite, TV, HDTV, Blue Ray, DVD * Computer Compatibility: PC, MAC, Laptop, Desktop * Gaming Compatibility: Nintendo, Wii, X-Box 360, Playstation, PS1 PS2, PS3, Gamecube, etc.
  • Set Includes: LCD Projecter Unit, Remote Control, User Manual, Power Cable, Audio/Video Cable, VGA Cable, Lens Cap, Lens Tissue, Spare Fuse, FREE Extra Bulb, FREE 6ft HDMI Cable * Warranty: 1 Year Parts & Labor
Mitsubishi WD-60638 60-Inch 1080p 3D-Ready DLP HDTV
Mitsubishi WD-60638 60-Inch 1080p 3D-Ready DLP HDTV
Sale Price: $999.00
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Description

60" 3D Ready DLP Home Cinema TV

3D Technology Checklist This product is 3D-related. To help you get a great 3D experience, use our checklist below to ensure that you have everything you need. If you have any questions or want to learn more about 3D, we invite you to visit 3D 101--our center for everything 3D. To get started with 3D, please ensure that you have: A Display The first--and most important--item you'll need is a 3D-ready display--whether it be a 3D HDTV, 3D projector, or 3D computer monitor. These displays usually have a higher processing power than older models as they need to display one image for each eye to create a 3D effect. A Source While your display is ready for 3D playback, you still need a device to read 3D content (i.e., a movie or a show). This source can be a cable box with a subscription to a 3D channel, a 3D Blu-ray Disc player, or a PlayStation 3. Content In order to watch 3D, you will need to get some 3D content. This 3D content will come from the source mentioned above in the form of a 3D program, movie, or game. Please ensure that your 3D movies are in the Blu-ray 3D format, as this new format will provide the best 3D experience. 3D Glasses All 3D HDTVs on the market require Active Shutter glasses to create the 3D effect. You will need to buy one pair of glasses for each viewer. Also make sure that the Active Shutter glasses you buy are compatible with your display--for example, buy the glasses from the same brand as your 3D HDTV. HDMI Cable To connect your source (such as a 3D Blu-ray Disc player) to your display, you'll need a hgh-speed HDMI cable. Cables with this designation--with bandwidth speeds up to 10.2 Gbps (gigabits per second)--will be able to carry the 3D signal without any loss of quality. If you want to get more information about 3D, shop our 3D products, watch videos, or interact with other customers, visit 3D 101, our customer center about everything 3D. The 3D Ready Mitsubishi WD-60638 DLP HDTV.Click here for a larger image. An affordable way to get into 3D viewing, the 60-inch Mitsubishi WD-60638 1080p Home Cinema HDTV features DLP technology, which is up to 1,000 times faster than LCD technology--providing for a more realistic, sharper 2D and 3D viewing experience. It comes equipped with 3D-ready viewing technology, providing the best option for enjoying 3D content in the home. The 638 Series features Mitsubishi's 6-Color Processor, which offers crisp, bright, realistic color that produces whiter whites and a wider range of color, plus a 120hz sub-frame rate to ensure a blur-free picture during fast action movies and fast-paced sports. Other features include three HDMI ports, and stereo speakers with 20 watts of total power. Key Features 60-inch Digital Light Processing (DLP) panel uses Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing technology for rear-projection TVs to create the picture you see on screen. 3D Ready Experience the new 3D technologies applied to many recent movies and video games. Immerse yourself in your favorite video game, movie, or sporting event displayed in 3D (requires optional 3D eyewear). 1080p Full HD resolution (1920 x 1080 pixels)   Mitsubishi's Plush1080p upscaling. Plush1080p 5G 12-Bit video processing converts lower-resolution signals to 1080p to eliminate jagged pixelated imagery. 120Hz Sub-Frame Rate for more fluid, natural motion from fast-moving video such as sports, action movies, and more. 6-Color Processor takes the three primary colors (red, green, and blue) of the video signal and extracts three secondary colors (cyan, yellow, magenta) in order to individually process each color for greater accuracy. 2 stereo speakers (10w x 2) for 20 watts of total power Dolby Digital 5.1 sound processing Integrated HDTV tuner receives both over-the-air HDTV broadcasts (received via an antenna) and non-scrambled digital cable broadcasts, including non-scrambled HDTV cable programming. HDMI Control (CEC): HDMI devices with Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) capabilities may be compatible with the TV's HDMI Control feature. Compatible devices can receive control signals through the HDMI connection, allowing the TV's remote control to operate some functions of these devices. Connections HDMI (with CEC): 3 Component: 2 Composite A/V: 2 (shared with Component) RF: 1 USB port: 1 (for updates and maintenance) Digital audio output: 1 optical See a larger image of the rear jack pack Dimensions TV with stand: 53.9 x 36.7 x 15.1 inches (WxHxD); 60.5 pounds What size TV should you get? What's in the Box Mitsubishi 638 Series 3D DLP HDTV, remote control (with batteries), removable stand, owner's manual Series: Unisen 154 Unisen 164 Unisen 265 3D Cinema 638 3D Cinema 738 3D Cinema 838 LaserVue Models: LT-55154 LT-40164 LT-46164 LT-55164 LT-46265 LT-55265 WD-60638 WD-65638 WD-73638 WD-60738 WD-65738 WD-73738 WD-82738 WD-65838 WD-73838 WD-82838 L75-A91 Panel type LED LCD LED LCD LED LCD DLP DLP DLP DLP 3D Ready -- -- -- Resolution 1080p 1080p 1080p 1080p 1080p 1080p 1080p Refresh Rate True120Hz True120Hz True240Hz 120Hz Sub-Frame Smooth120 Smooth120 Smooth120 Wireless Internet Ready Built-in Built-in -- Ready Ready -- Bluetooth Music Streaming -- -- -- -- Immersive Sound Technology Yes, 12 speakers Yes, 16 speakers Yes, 18 speakers -- -- Yes, 16 speakers -- StreamTV Internet Media -- Plush1080p Upscaling EdgeEnhance -- -- Dark Detailer -- -- -- -- -- -- 6-Color Processor -- PerfectColor & PerfectTint -- -- -- -- iPhone Remote Control app -- -- -- -- -- -- HDMI input 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 Component input(Y, PB, PR) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Composite input 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Wired IR input -- -- -- -- USB port MP3 and JPEG playback -- -- Ethernet -- Energy Star 4.0 Models: LT-55154 LT-40164 LT-46164 LT-55164 LT-46265 LT-55265     WD-65838 WD-73838 WD-82838 L75-A91   Learn More Which Size HDTV is Right for My Room? With standard-definition TVs, the rule used to be that viewers would feel comfortable watching a set from a distance of 3 to 6 times the screen size in inches. With HDTV, the resolution is so much better that you can sit closer to a larger TV without noticing the pixels. So with HDTVs, the rule tends to be you can sit anywhere from 1.5 to 3 times the screen size (in inches) for the best experience. If you know the size of the room you have already, where you want to sit, and where your new HDTV should go once you get it, you can figure out the size HDTV you should get. Minimum size = Viewing distance/3 Maximum size=Viewing distance/1.5

Features

  • 60-inch DLP HDTV with intensely vivid 2D and fully immersive 3D viewing
  • Delivers incredible picture performance at an exceptional value
  • 120Hz Sub-Frame Rate for a blur-free picture during fast action; stereo speakers (10w x 2)
  • Inputs: 3 HDMI, 2 component, 2 composite, 1 USB, 1 optical digital audio output
  • Measures 53.9 x 36.7 x 15.1 inches with stand
FAVI 16:9/120-Inch Pull Down (Manual) Projector Screen (PD-HD-120)
FAVI 16:9/120-Inch Pull Down (Manual) Projector Screen (PD-HD-120)
List Price: $198.00
Sale Price: $109.95
You save: $88.05 (44%)
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Description

Perfect screen solution for home theater, business or classroom use. Slide-lock technology allows you to easily adjust the screen height & aspect ratio. Includes welded L bracket design, giving you the option to ceiling or wall mount your screen out of the box.

Features

  • Screen Material: Matte White
  • Gain Rating: 1.3
  • Mounting Options: Ceiling or Wall (includes attached L brackets)
  • Screen Dimensions: see diagram
  • What?s in the Box? 1 x screen, 1 x user guide
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